Thermodynamics

Defining Internal Energy (U) The internal energy of a system is the sum of all the kinetic energy and potential energy that is randomly distributed among the…

Work Done by an Expanding Gas When a gas in a cylinder expands, it pushes against the surroundings (e.g., a piston), doing work. If the expansion occurs at…

The First Law: Δ U = q + W The first law of thermodynamics is a specific case of the law of conservation of energy . It states that the increase in internal…