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9. Metals

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) · 10 topics

Properties of Metals

Physical Properties: Metals vs. Non-Metals Metals share a set of characteristic physical properties, all traceable to the same cause: a metal is a lattice of…
Uses of Metals

Linking Physical Properties to Uses Every use of a metal in this topic must be justified by naming the specific physical property/properties that make it…
Alloys

What Is an Alloy? An alloy is a mixture of a metal with one or more other elements (usually other metals, sometimes carbon - a non-metal). Alloy Composition…
Reactivity Series

The Order of Reactivity The reactivity series lists metals in order of how readily they react - from most reactive (top) to least reactive (bottom). Two…
Explaining Reactivity

Reactivity as a Tendency to Form Positive Ions A metal's position in the reactivity series reflects how readily it loses electrons to form a positive ion. The…
Rusting of Iron

Conditions Required for Rusting Rusting is the corrosion of iron and steel to form hydrated iron(III) oxide , Fe₂O₃·xH₂O - a flaky, brown/orange solid. Rusting…
Galvanising & Sacrificial Protection

Galvanising: Barrier AND Sacrificial Protection Galvanising is coating iron or steel with a layer of zinc (typically by dipping the object in molten zinc). It…
Extraction of Metals

Ease of Extraction Depends on Reactivity Most metals are found in the Earth's crust combined with other elements, as an ore - a rock from which a metal can be…
Extraction of Iron from Hematite

The Blast Furnace Iron is extracted from its ore, hematite (mainly iron(III) oxide, Fe₂O₃), by reduction with carbon monoxide in a blast furnace . Iron is below…
Extraction of Aluminium from Bauxite

Bauxite and Electrolysis Aluminium's main ore is bauxite , which is mainly aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) mixed with impurities. Aluminium is above carbon in the…