Motion, Forces & Energy

Measuring Length A ruler looks like the simplest instrument in the lab, but the marks on its scale have width and your eye can view them from the wrong angle.…

Scalar and Vector Quantities Extended Only A scalar quantity has magnitude (size) only A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction Scalars (syllabus…

Speed Speed tells us how fast an object is moving, it is defined as: Distance covered per unit of time It is a scalar quantity has magnitude but no direction…

Mass Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter in an object at rest relative to the observer mass does not depend on where the object is mass stays the same…

Density Definition & Equation Density (ρ) is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance: density measures how tightly packed the matter within an object…

What Forces Do A force is a push or pull acting on an object Forces can: change the size or shape of an object (e.g. stretching a spring, squashing a ball)…

Moments Moment of a force is a measure of its turning effect about a pivot (or axis) everyday examples of turning effects include: pushing down on one end of a…

Momentum momentum = mass × velocity momentum is a vector quantity - it acts in the same direction as the velocity a stationary object has zero momentum unit: kg…

Energy Stores energy is the capacity to do work, and it exists in different stores energy can be stored as: kinetic - in moving objects gravitational potential…

Where Our Energy Resources Come From nearly all of our energy resources ultimately come from radiation released by the Sun, either directly (e.g. solar cells,…

Pressure pressure is defined as the force acting per unit area Formula: p = (F/A) Where: p = pressure (Pa) F = force (N) A = area (m²) 1 pascal (Pa) = 1 newton…