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7. Acids, Bases & Salts

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) · 8 topics

Properties of Acids & Bases

Acids and Bases Acids release hydrogen ions (H⁺) in water and have a pH less than 7. Common acids: hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), nitric acid…
The Ions in Acids & Alkalis

H⁺ Ions and OH⁻ Ions Aqueous solutions of acids contain H⁺(aq) ions ; aqueous solutions of alkalis contain OH⁻(aq) ions . These ions are responsible for all the…
Proton Transfer, Strong & Weak Acids

Acids and Bases as Proton Transfer Using the Brønsted-Lowry model: An acid is a proton (H⁺) donor A base is a proton (H⁺) acceptor Neutralisation, H⁺(aq) +…
Classifying Oxides

Acidic and Basic Oxides Oxides are classified according to their metallic or non-metallic character: Oxide type Element type Reacts with Examples Acidic oxide…
Preparing Soluble Salts

Naming Salts A salt is formed when the H⁺ ions of an acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions. Acid Salt ending Example Hydrochloric acid -chloride sodium…
Preparing Insoluble Salts

Precipitation An insoluble salt cannot be made by the acid-based methods (it wouldn't dissolve to be crystallised). Instead, mix two soluble solutions that each…
Solubility Rules

The General Solubility Rules These rules predict whether a salt will dissolve or form a precipitate - essential for choosing reactants for both soluble- and…
Hydrated & Anhydrous Salts

Hydrated and Anhydrous Substances A hydrated substance is chemically combined with water (water of crystallisation) An anhydrous substance contains no water…